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Pakkala, Amrith
- Dynamic Lung Functions as an Evaluation Tool in Assessment of Pulmonary System Adaptability in Trained Athletes
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Dept of Anesthesiology, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga
2 Professor Dept of Physiology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam, Chittoor Dist., AP
3 Assistant Professor, Dept of Physiology, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 05-08Abstract
Background : There are conflicting opinions about the degree of adaptability of the respiratory system in delivering the physiological needs in case of severe exercise. Role of the normal respiratory system in delivering oxygen to meet the demands of various degrees of exercise has been a topic of considerable debate .One view holds that the respiratory system is not normally the most limiting factor in the delivery of oxygen, others hold the absence of structural adaptability to physical training cause of limitation of the pulmonary system
Methods : Pulmonary Function Tests were done before&after maximal exercise testing to assess dynamic lung functions in two groups' viz., athletes&non-athletes.
Results : On studying the differences in dynamic lung functions in two groups of non-athletes and athletes, there was no difference in FVC& FEV1, before or after exercise testing in either .The other flow rates MMEF, PEFR, MEF 25% to 75% were on the higher side in trained subjects which was consistently maintained after exercise testing .A higher adaptability of the respiratory system to the training stimulus in the form of a higher elastic recoil pressure of the lungs and a lower resistance of medium to small airways is suggested as the mechanism of adaptability in this study
Keywords
Exercise Testing, Airflow Limitation, Dynamic Lung Functions, Ventilatory functions
References
- Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors –Text Book of Medical Physiology ,11th ed .Saunders, 2006 :1061-62.
- Johnson BD, Saupe KW ,Dempsey JA –Mechanical constraints on exercise hypernea in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 1992 Sep;73(3) : 874- 86
- Dempsey JA, Johnson BD, Saupe KW-Adaptations and limitations in the pulmonary system during exercise. Chest 1990 Mar ; 97(3 Suppl):81s –87s
- Andziulis A, Gocentas A , Jascaniniene N, Jaszczanin J, Juozulynas A , Radzijewska M –Respiratory function dynamics in individuals with increased motor activity during standard exercise testing. Fiziol ZH 2005 ; 51(4):80-95.
- Seaton A, Seaton D , Leitch AG ,editors –Crofton and Douglas’s Respiratory Diseases, 5th ed. Oxford : Oxford University press,2000:43-45
- A Physiological Study of Short Term Gutkha Chewing on Cardio-respiratory Fitness
Authors
1 Assistant Professor, Dept of Physiology, MVJ Medical College, Hoskote, Bangalore
2 Professor, Dept of Physiology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam Chittoor Dist., AP
Source
International Journal of Physiology, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 09-13Abstract
Smokeless tobacco has been advocated as a substitute for cigarette smoking. On the contrary, the use of smokeless tobacco is fraught with health risk and needs to be discouraged. Previous reports have described long term harmful effects of smokeless tobacco on various body parameters, little is known about short term effect of smokeless tobacco on cardio respiratory parameters. Very few studies have been undertaken on the effect of short term use of gutkha, a common form of smokeless tobacco in India on cardio respiratory parameters of youngsters. This aspect of use of smokeless tobacco needs to be attended to.
The present study has been undertaken to study the effect of short term [3-5 years] gutkha chewing on cardio respiratory fitness tests in young healthy gutkha chewers as compared to age and sex matched non gutkha chewing healthy controls.
Various cardio respiratory parameters like resting HR, delta HR, MVV, VE max, VO2 max were studied by using treadmill exercise testing and computerised spirometry
In the present study no statistically significant difference was found in any parameter studied that can be attributed to the residual effect of short term use of gutkha. This is reason enough to discourage gutkha chewers from this unhealthy habit at this early stage itself before permanent residual effects on health is seen.
Keywords
Smokeless tobacco, Gutkha, Cardio respiratory, VO2 max, Resting HR, Delta HR, MVV, VE maxReferences
- Gupta R, Gurm H, Bartholomew JR “Smokeless tobacco and cardiovascular risk”. Arch Intern Med, Sep-27 2004 Vol 164
- Sankaranarayanan R, Duffy SW, Padmakumary G, Dey NE, Padmanabhan TK “Tobacco chewing, alcohol and nasal snuff in cancer of the gingival in Kerala, India”. Br J Cancer 1989 Oct;60(4):638- 43
- Jones, “Use of smokeless tobacco in the 1986 world series” New Eng J Medicine, 1986 March (15):952- 53
- Sandre, “longitudinal pattern of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in youth” The Bogalusa Heart study. Am J Public Health, Feb 1986 vol 76(2) 193-195
- Schroeder K.L, Chen :”Smokeless tobacco and blood pressure”. New Eng J Medicine, 1985 312:14
- Scott,”Incidence and prediction of smokeless tobacco use among US youth” Am J Public Health 1998 Jan, Vol 88(1)20-26
- Kenneth J.Rothman,”Tobacco Habits” Am J Public Health 1986 Feb, Vol 76(2)133-34
- Philip J Marty, “Pattern of smokeless tobacco use in a population of high school students” Am J Public Health 1986 Feb, Vol 76(2)190-192
- Siegel D, Benowitz NL, Ernster VL, Grady DG, Hauck WW, “Smokeless tobacco, cardiovascular risk factors and nicotine levels in professional baseball players” Am J Public Health 1992 Mar, Vol 82(3)190-192
- Benowitz NL, “Systemic absorption and effects of nicotine from smokeless tobacco” Advances in Dental Research, 1997 vol(2) issue 3, 336-341
- Perception of Effort and Exhaustion in Trained Athletes - A Validation of the Psychobiological Model of Exercise Tolerance
Authors
1 Dept. of Physiology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam 517 425, AP, IN
2 Deptt. of Physiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 4, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 16-17Abstract
The point of maximum perception of effort and exhaustion in exercise is believed to be based on two models of exercise tolerance- the muscle fatigue model and the psychobiological model. The muscle fatigue model proposes that high intensity aerobic exercise stops at the point commonly called exhaustion because fatigued subjects cannot continue to generate the required power output despite maximal voluntary effort. Exhaustion is a form of task disengagement rather than task failure according to the psychobiological model of exercise tolerance based on motivational intensity theory. This study aims to further the validity of the psychobiological model of exercise tolerance by studying the effect of motivational practices on the point of fatigue. The results are suggestive of improvement in exercise tolerance after motivational practices bringing out the neural correlates in point of fatigue.Keywords
Work Achievability, Point of Fatigue, Behavioural Practices, Motivational PracticesReferences
- Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A (2004) Logical limitations to the “catastrophe” models of fatigue during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med 38(5):648–649
- Marcora SM, Bosio A, de Morree HM (2008) Locomotor muscle fatigue increases cardiorespiratory responses and reduces performance during intense cycling exercise independently from metabolic stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294(3):R874–R883
- Brehm JW, Self EA (1989) The intensity of motivation. Annu Rev Psychol 40:109–131
- Wright RA (2008) ReWning the prediction of eVort: Brehm’s distinction between potential motivation and motivation intensity. Soc Pers Psychol Compass 2(2):682–701
- Gagnon P, Saey D, Vivodtzev I, Laviolette L, Mainguy V, Milot J, Provencher S, Maltais F (2009) Impact of preinduced quadriceps fatigue on exercise response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol 107(3):832–840
- Saleh KJ, Quick JC, Sime WE, Novicoff WM, Einhorn TA. Recognizing and preventing burnout among orthopaedic leaders. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008 Nov 22 [E pub ahead of print]
- Jacobs I, Bell DG (2004) EVects of acute modaWnil ingestion on exercise time to exhaustion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36(6):1078–1082
- A Study of Limitations of the Pulmonary System in Adaptability to Exercise in Luteal Phase of Menstrual Cycle
Authors
1 Dept. of Physiology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam, AP, IN
2 Dept. of Physiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, Vol 6, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 8-10Abstract
The role of progesterone on PFT was well known in the normal course of the menstrual cycle. Significant increase in both progesterone (37%) and estradiol (13.5%), whereas no change in plasma FSH&LH was observed in exercising women in previous studies. Therefore this study was intended to see the limitations of the pulmonary system in adaptability to exercise in luteal phase of menstrual cycle. It was observed that exercise per se does not cause a statistically significant change in dynamic lung function parameters MMEF, PEFR, MEF 25% to 75% in either of the groups. This finding supports the hypothesis that the respiratory system is not normally the most limiting factor in the delivery of oxygen even under the predominant influence of progesterone in luteal phase which is further accentuated by exercise.Keywords
Luteal Phase, Progesterone in Exercise, PFT, AdaptabilityReferences
- Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors –Text Book of Medical Physiology ,11th ed .Saunders, 2006 :1061-62.
- Johnson BD, Saupe KW, Dempsey JA –Mechanical constraints on exercise hypernea in endurance athletes.J Appl Physiol 1992 Sep; 73(3): 874- 86
- Dempsey JA, Johnson BD, Saupe KW-Adaptations and limitations in the pulmonary system during exercise. Chest 1990 Mar; 97(3 Suppl):81s –87s
- Andziulis A, Gocentas A, Jascaniniene N, Jaszczanin J, Juozulynas A, Radzijewska M –Respiratory function dynamics in individuals with increased motor activity during standard exercise testing. Fiziol ZH 2005;
- (4):80-95.
- Seaton A, Seaton D, Leitch AG, editors –Crofton and Douglas’s Respiratory Diseases, 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University press, 2000:43-45
- Ganong WF, Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd ed 2005; 444
- Bonen A, Ling WY, MacIntyre KP, et al. Effects of exercise on the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, progesterone and estradiol. Eur J Appl Physiol 1979;43:15
- Jurkowski JE, Jones NL, Walker C, et al. Ovarian hormonal responses to exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 1978; 44:109 Amrith Pakkala
- Hormonal Influence on the Adaptability of the Pulmonary System to Exercise in Short Term Smokers
Authors
1 Dept of Physiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, IN
2 Dept of Physiology PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam, AP, IN